Khairulumma having ISSN No (2790-329x) is the trilingual (English, Urdu, Arabic) biannual research journal of Islamic Studies, which publishes papers in the field of Islamic Studies and Arabic having the features of creativeness and enquiry; however, it encourages the papers dealing with the Socio-Religious issues.
Department of Research Jamia Ahsan-ul-Uloom Peshawar
This study examines the rhetorical techniques of simile and metaphor in Surah Al-Baqarah focusing on their artistic aesthetic and communicative dimensions within the Qur’anic discourse. Through an analytical and descriptive approach the research explores how these two rhetorical devices serve as essential tools for expressing profound spiritual meanings and moral values. The study highlights that Quranic similes and metaphors transcend linguistic ornamentation functioning instead as vehicles of divine wisdom and emotional persuasion. Each image in the Surah reflects a deliberate harmony between form and meaning revealing the Quran’s unparalleled eloquence (i‘jaz bayani). Similes in this chapter clarify abstract ideas through sensory imagery while metaphors transform invisible concepts such as faith hypocrisy and guidance into vivid tangible expressions. The analysis concludes that the rhetorical beauty of Surah Al-Baqarah lies in its ability to merge intellectual depth with artistic expression. These stylistic techniques not only enhance the aesthetic value of the Qur’anic text but also strengthen its persuasive and educational power demonstrating how divine eloquence unites the heart and the mind in the pursuit o
Quranic rhetoric Surah Al-Baqarah simile metaphor eloquence Qur’anic imagery i‘jaz bayani.
An Analytical, Scholarly, and Critical Study of the Doctrines of the Zikri Faith
This research paper, titled “An Analytical, Scholarly, and Critical Study of the Doctrines of the Zikri Faith,” presents a comprehensive analytical study of the history, beliefs, social structure, and intellectual evolution of the Zikri sect, which originated in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Balochistan. The main objective of this study is to critically and academically analyze the historical background of the Zikri religion, its political and religious factors, and its intellectual deviations from Islamic beliefs. The foundation of the Zikri sect was laid around the fifteenth century A.D., when its early followers began preaching their ideas in Makran and the coastal regions of Balochistan. From the very beginning, it deviated from its original Islamic spirit and adopted a distinct religious identity. Later, under the influence of the Bilidi and Gichki rulers, this sect also gained political stability. Abdul Ghani Baloch and Abdul Karim Dost have rejected this impression, declaring their religion to be a spiritual school within Islam that believes in monotheism, the Qur’an, prophethood, and the fundamental pillars of Islam. Regarding the deviant beliefs from Islam, it is stated that during the period of Mulla Murad Gichki, significant changes occurred in the fundamental doctrines of the Zikri faith, which transformed it into a new religious system distinct from traditional Islam. With detailed references, the paper makes it clear that in the early Zikri beliefs, Muhammad Mahdi Atki was elevated to the rank of Mahdi al-Akhir al-Zaman and even to the status of a prophet. Their specific creed — “La ilaha illallah, Noor Muhammad Mahdi Rasul Allah” — became prevalent, and there were clear deviations from Islamic teachings regarding prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, and the Qibla. However, contemporary Zikri scholars, especially this paper, deeply analyze the intellectual changes, political influences, and reform movements of this religious group in a historical context.
Ghani Baloch ,Abdul Karim Dost ,Mulla Murad Gichki,Atki.
"Reassessing Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri and the Mahdavi Movement: A Reappraisal of History and Thought
This research paper presents an analytical and critical study of the Mahdavi movement within the religious and intellectual history of the Indian subcontinent, focusing on its background, evolution, and the personality and role of its founder, Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (RA). Drawing upon historical sources such as Muntakhab alTawarikh, TabaqatiAkbari, A’iniAkbari, Akhbar alAkhyar, Nuzhat alKhawatir, and Tadhkira by Abul Kalam Azad, the author demonstrates that Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (RA) neither claimed prophethood nor divinity, nor did he issue any edict to abandon the essential pillars of Islam such as prayer and fasting. Rather, he was a pious scholar, ascetic, and reformer of Shari‘ah, who launched a movement for amr bil ma‘ruf (enjoining good) and the revival of true Islamic practice amid a period of moral and religious decline. However, his later followers, through excess and misunderstanding, transformed his reformist call into a distinct sectarian identity. The research further establishes that Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri’s contemporariessuch as Shaykh ‘Ali Muttaqi, ‘Abd alHaqq Muhaddith Dehlavi, ‘Abd alQadir Badayuni, and Shaykh Wajih alDin Gujaratipraised his knowledge, piety, asceticism, and spiritual insight, even though they differed with some of his theological interpretations. In conclusion, this paper argues that identifying Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (RA) as the “Promised Mahdi” is not a reflection of his true teachings, but rather the outcome of later reinterpretations and exaggerations by his followers. Hence, the study serves as a balanced, intellectually moderate, and historically grounded contribution to the understanding of South Asia’s religious reform movementsoffering a valuable scholarly resource for researchers of Sufism and Islamic revivalism.
Mahdavi, movement ,Muntakhab alTawarikh,TabaqatiAkbari,fasting
An Academic and Research-Based Study on the Background and Evolutionary Stages of the Mahdavi Movement
This research paper presents a historical and analytical study of the Mahdavi Movement in the Indian Subcontinent, tracing its origins, intellectual foundations, and stages of evolution. It establishes that Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (RA) — later proclaimed by his followers as the “Promised Mahdi” — was in reality a devout, pious, and reformist scholar (‘Ālim-e-Bā‘amal) rather than a claimant of any new prophethood or independent religious authority. The study reveals that Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri’s true mission was centered on revival of Shari‘ah, purification of the self, and enjoining good and forbidding evil (Amr bil Ma‘rūf wa Nahy ‘an al-Munkar). He rose against the moral decay, religious formalism, and materialism prevalent among Muslims of his time, calling them back to the spirit of faith and sincere worship. However, after his death, some of his followers deviated from his original teachings and introduced exaggerated interpretations that had no direct connection with his authentic message. These later developments transformed a reformist and spiritual movement into an organized sectarian group known as the Mahdavi Movement. Their speculative interpretations of the Prophetic traditions on al-Mahdi distorted the essence of Jaunpuri’s original call. Drawing upon primary historical sources such as Muntakhab al-Tawarikh (Badayuni), Tabaqāt-e-Akbari (Nizam al-Din Ahmad), Akhbar al-Akhiyar (Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlavi), Nuzhat al-Khawatir, and Tadhkira by Abul Kalam Azad, the paper demonstrates that contemporary scholars — including Sheikh Ali Muttaqi, Sheikh Wajih al-Din Gujarati, Abdul Qadir Badayuni, and Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlavi — acknowledged Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri’s piety, knowledge, and sincerity, even if they disagreed with certain beliefs later attributed to his followers. The study concludes that Jaunpuri’s original message was one of spiritual renewal, adherence to Sunnah, and moral reformation, while the sectarian Mahdavi doctrines were later constructions. His so-called claim to Mahdiship was neither explicit nor doctrinal but the result of interpretive exaggerations by later adherents.
سینٹ پال کا عیسائیت کی تشکیل میں ایک متنازع کردار
This article investigates the foundational influences behind the development of Christianity, questioning whether its present form aligns more with the original teachings of Jesus or with later theological interpretations. It contrasts Jesus' emphasis on love, morality, and closeness to God with the structured doctrines introduced later, including divinity, atonement, and salvation. The study critiques the figure traditionally credited with formalizing these beliefs, highlighting their incorporation of Hellenistic, Gnostic, and non-Jewish elements. Despite identifying significant doctrinal alterations and theological shifts, the argument paradoxically maintains that this figure remains the essential path to God and Christ. This contradiction raises important questions about scholarly objectivity and whether the prevailing understanding of Christianity is shaped more by faith or historical reinterpretation.
Christianity ,Atonement, Divinity of Christ, Gnostic, Hellenistic
A Detailed Shariah Analysis of Diplomatic and Political Treaties between the Umayyad Caliphate and Non-Muslim States: Historical Context, Legal Implications, and Contemporary
A Detailed Shariah Analysis of Diplomatic and Political Treaties between the Umayyad Caliphate and Non-Muslim States explores the intricate relationships forged between the Umayyad Caliphate and various non-Muslim entities during its expansive rule from 661 to 750 CE and this period, marked by significant territorial growth and cultural development, necessitated a sophisticated diplomatic approach to navigate interactions with Byzantine, Persian, and local tribes. As the first prominent Islamic dynasty, the Umayyads set critical precedents in diplomacy, blending military strategy with political negotiation in a diverse geopolitical landscape that included Islamic and non-Islamic societies. These diplomatic treaties are analyzed within the context of Shariah principles that governed relations between the Umayyads and their non-Muslim counterparts. Islamic teachings, emphasizing respect for envoys and the necessity of protecting diplomatic representatives, provided a foundational legal and ethical framework for treaty-making. Noteworthy examples include the Treaty of Hudaibiya and the Pact of 'Umar, which reflect a blend of strategic interests and adherence to Islamic law and the complex conditions that arose from these agreements. Implementing principles such as envoy impunity and the humanistic obligations of Muslim rulers highlights the dual role of diplomacy as both a tool for governance and a mechanism for promoting peace. Despite their diplomatic successes, the Umayyad Caliphate's engagements were not without controversy. Scholarly debates have emerged over the authenticity and motivations behind certain treaties, with critiques focusing on religious rhetoric's political appropriation and socio-political emotions' influence during this tumultuous era. The interplay between military actions and diplomatic negotiations, especially in the context of internal dissent and the threat from rival powers, complicates understanding these treaties and their implications for later Islamic states. In sum, this analysis offers a comprehensive examination of the diplomatic strategies employed by the Umayyad Caliphate, illustrating their lasting impact on subsequent Islamic diplomacy and the intricate balance between governance, religious obligations, and the pragmatism required in statecraft. By elucidating the principles and controversies surrounding these treaties, the work contributes to a broader understanding of the dynamics between the Umayyad Caliphate and non-Muslim states and the enduring legacy of Islamic diplomatic practices.
Shariah ,Analysis ,Diplomatic ,Political Treaties, Umayyad Caliphate , Non-Muslim
اصولی و تفسیری مناہج میں زمخشری (معتزلی) اور بیضاوی (اشعری) کا تقابل
This research paper presents a comparative study of the methodological approaches of two eminent classical Qur’anic exegetes: al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538 AH), the author of al-Kashshāf, and al-Bayḍāwī (d. 685 AH), the author of Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʾwīl. Al-Zamakhsharī’s exegesis is distinguished by its Muʿtazilite theological orientation, its deep engagement with Arabic rhetoric (balāghah) and linguistics, and its rational interpretation of Qur’anic verses. In contrast, al-Bayḍāwī drew extensively from al-Zamakhsharī’s linguistic and rhetorical insights but revised or moderated Muʿtazilite theological positions in line with Ashʿarī principles, thereby offering a more balanced theological framework. The study analyzes both exegetes’ methodologies through several dimensions: principles of tafsīr, theological tendencies, interpretation of verses concerning divine attributes, use of taʾwīl, rhetorical style, linguistic analysis, and the balance between reason (ʿaql) and revelation (naql). The comparative analysis reveals that while al-Zamakhsharī embedded Muʿtazilite doctrines within his exegesis, al-Bayḍāwī systematically refined these interpretations, producing a tafsīr that became a standard reference for later Sunni exegetes. This research highlights the intellectual interplay between Muʿtazilite and Ashʿarī traditions in classical tafsīr and sheds light on the evolution of Qur’anic hermeneutics in Islamic thought.
al-Zamakhsharī – al-Bayḍāwī – Tafsīr – al-Kashshāf – Anwār al-Tanzīl – Muʿtazilite Theology – Ashʿarī Principles – Rhetoric – Taʾwīl – Qur’anic Exegesis
An Analytical Study on the Use of Dark Patterns inCommerce: A Shariah and Ethical Perspective
In contemporary commerce, businesses increasingly employ dark patterns—deceptive design strategies intended to manipulate consumer behaviour and maximise profit. Common tactics include pre-ticked boxes, subscription traps, roach motels, and confirm shaming, which exploit consumer inattention or psychological pressure, compelling individuals to act against their genuine intent. From an Islamic legal and ethical standpoint, such practices raise serious concerns. The Qur’an explicitly prohibits unjust consumption of wealth, permitting trade only when conducted through mutual consent. Prophetic traditions (Hadith) further affirm that a sale is valid solely when founded upon genuine willingness. These principles underscore the centrality of transparency, justice, and voluntary agreement within Islamic commercial ethics. This study undertakes an analytical examination of dark patterns in light of Shariah and ethical frameworks, assessing their implications for consumer rights,market integrity, and social trust. The findings reveal that although these tactics may generate short-term corporate gains, they undermine fairness, violate consumer autonomy, and erode long-term trust in the marketplace. Consequently,from both Shariah and ethical perspectives, dark patterns are not only objectionable but impermissible, necessitating their abandonment in favour of commerce grounded in honesty, fairness, and informed consent.
Dark Patterns, Consumer Rights, Shariah Compliance, Islamic Commercial Ethics, Transparency, Mutual Consent
Conditions and Procedures for the Selection of a Caliph or Imam in Islam
Islam is a complete and international religious which has the information and prediction regarding every aspect of life, it’s a complete religion because it covers each and every affair a human life here and hereafter. This study explores the Islamic outline for appointing a leader—Imam or Caliph—within the broader context of religious obligation, political authority, and legal responsibility. Drawing upon classical Islamic jurisprudence and historical precedents, it critically examines the role of Ahl al-Ḥall wa al-ʿAqd, the lawfulness of leadership through consultation, and the legal need (or lack thereof) of witnesses in validating leadership. The study emphasizes that leadership in Islam is not based on hereditary succession or popular mass election, but rather on merit, consultation, and adherence to the Sharia. This study is important for all Islamic and non-Islamic states, because Islam political system is a complete and reliable worldwide system, which has predicted each and every aspect of life, at the same time this study lets us know how leaders are appointed in Islamic society. The aim of this study is to clarify the procedure of selecting a Muslim leader, and what are the requirements of Islamic Caliph. We have conducted this study library based, we have tried our best to use the well-known citation format, after all we have studied well enough regarding literature review and have mentioned them as well. The findings of the study shows that a leader can be appointed in Islam political system; Appointment by Ahl al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd (People of Authority and Decision-Making), and the requirements for selecting a Muslim leader are: Islam, justice,Quirshi, masculinity, physically and mentally well, and mujtahid.
سورۃ النبا کی ابتدائی آیات میں ذکر کردہ منتخب تقابلی مباحث(نبا عظیم اور عقیدہ آخرت ) کا علمی وتحقیقی جائزہ تفسیر حقانی کی روشنی میں
The primary focus of these verses is to elucidate the reality of Qiyamah (Resurrection) and the Hereafter. Addressing those who reject the concept of divine recompense for human actions, the Qur’an delivers the momentous news of an inevitable day when the present world will cease to exist, humanity will be resurrected, and every individual will be rewarded or punished according to their deeds. For the insightful and reflective mind, this is indeed the Great News—a profound message that unsettles those who live without restraint, pursuing worldly desires, and believing that life ends with mere worldly existence. The disbelievers persistently, and with incredulity, questioned the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) regarding the timing and nature of that Day. These verses explore the varied modes of questioning and the diversity of opinions surrounding them. The exegeses of “An-Naba Al-‘Azim” are presented, incorporating the perspectives of renowned Mufassirun (Qur’anic commentators). The discussion further examines the positions of different religious traditions on the nature of the soul (ruh). In addition, the reasons behind the polytheists’ denial of the Hereafter are analyzed, shedding light on the intellectual and moral grounds for their rejection.
Qiyamah, Hereafter, Reward , Punishment, Great News,
اسلامی فقہ کی تدوین میں خواتین کا کردار: شافعی و حنفی ادوار کے تناظر میں
This paper presents a study of the role of women in the development of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in the context of the Hanafi and Shafi‘i eras. While the history of fiqh is usually attributed to male jurists, historical evidence shows that women were also active in teaching, transmitting hadith, offering juristic opinions, and participating in scholarly circles. In the Hanafi period, women appeared not only as transmitters of hadith and teachers but also as guides in legal matters. Similarly, in the Shafi‘i era, many female scholars attained mastery in both fiqh and hadith, and even taught well-known male scholars. They played a vital role in strengthening the scholarly tradition by teaching in mosques, madrasas, and private circles. Their contributions had two prominent aspects: intellectually, women expanded the juristic heritage and safeguarded its authenticity; and socially, their scholarly presence highlighted the importance of women’s education. This research makes it clear that women’s role in the formation and growth of Islamic jurisprudence was not marginal but central. Their contributions remain a shining example for promoting women’s participation in scholarly and juristic fields today.
Hanafi , Shafi‘i,transmitters , jurists,intellectually
حلال ای-کامریس، اسلامی اصول تجارت کی روشنی میں ایمیزون ایف بی اے کا علمی جائزہ
In the era of rapidly expanding digital marketplaces, e-commerce plays a pivotal role in transforming traditional trade dynamics. From “Brick and mortar store” to the trends of “Online seller central accounts” the journey is exceptional. Among the most dominating platforms, Amazon, in general, and its FBA model, in particular, remains on the top. This model allows a seller to store, market and distribute the products via vast Amazon’s infrastructure. This research critically examines the FBA model considering Islamic Trading Principles aiming to assess its compatibility with Shariah guidelines for halal business conduct. The study begins by exploring the principles of Islamic commercial Jurisprudence, such as transparency, mutual consent, prohibition of Riba and Gharar, avoidance of uncertainty and artificial risks and ethical treatment of consumers derived from Quranic injunctions, Hadith literature and classical Fiqh. Further, the research incorporates modern interpretations and Fatwas from contemporary Islamic Finance Scholars to address the evolving business structure. The Amazon FBA system is then analyzed through Islamic Principles: the nature of contracts between seller and Amazon(aqd), possession(qabd), warehousing arrangements (Amanah or Ijarah), costumer return policy(khiyar), and commission structures. Findings suggests that Amazon FBA platform may be in parallel with Shariah-compliant model, various elements may require careful structuring. For instance, ensuring halal product listings, transparency in product representation, avoidance of exploitative pricing and misleading promotions. The paper portrays the recommendations from Muslim entrepreneurs, Islamic Finance Scholars and Institutions in such regards. It also highlights the need of Ijtihad (independent reasoning) to address the complexities of modern trade while preserving the spirit of Islamic Finance principles.
Halal e-commerce, Fulfillment by Amazon(FBA), Islamic Trading Principles, Riba and Gharar, Ijtihad in modern trade
معا صرمدعیان تصوف کے مسائل اور انکا حل، سیرت النبی ﷺ کی روشنی میں
Sufism, which is fundamentally based on self-purification, spiritual training, and closeness to Allah, faces various challenges in the modern era. Some contemporary claimants of Sufism have deviated from its true essence, incorporating innovations, extremism, materialistic motives, and un-Islamic rituals. Consequently, misconceptions have arisen among the masses, causing Sufism to lose its original effectiveness and purpose. In the light of the Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, solutions to these issues can be found, demonstrating that true Sufism aligns strictly with the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. The life of the Prophet ﷺ exemplified piety, sincerity, moderation, and exemplary moral conduct. He emphasized spiritual development within the framework of Islamic teachings and never encouraged exaggeration or the adoption of un-Islamic practices. This research will explore how contemporary claimants of Sufism can seek guidance from the Prophet’s ﷺ Seerah to realign themselves with authentic Sufi principles. Furthermore, it will analyze possible reforms, such as adherence to the Quran and Hadith, moral and spiritual purification, and rejecting innovations. By doing so, this study aims to restore modern Sufism to its true essence, ensuring its alignment with the fundamental teachings of Islam.
: Sufism, self-purification, Personality development, moral development, character building
An Analytical Study of the Sources of Islamic Mysticism and the Views of Orientalists
The question of Sufism’s origin and roots in Islam is a complex and much-debated issue. Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, scholars have presented conflicting perspectives on this matter. Earlier Orientalists typically viewed Sufism as stemming from a single external source, while more recent perspectives suggest it may have multiple roots. Nevertheless, both groups agree on one key point-that Sufism was a later addition to Islam and not an original part of it. Various perspectives have been put forward to explain its true origins, attributing it to influences from Persian, Indian, Christian, Jewish, or Neo-Platonic traditions. The present paper aims to challenge these view points and to demonstrate that Islamic Sufism finds its true roots directly in the Qur’anic revelation, the Sunnah of the Prophet, and the lives of his righteous companions.
Orientalist perspectives on Sufism’s origin, Islamic Mysticism, External influence theories Neo-Platonic, Qur’anic roots of Islamic Sufism, Refutation of non-Islamic sources.
الصور البلاغية في مقدمة مخطوط"عقود الدرر في شرح أبيات المطول والمختصر"لابن شهاب الدين
The manuscript ʿUqūd al-Durar fī Sharḥ Abīyāt al-Muṭawwal wa al-Mukhtaṣar by Ḥusain ibn Shihāb al-Dīn by the famous scholar in Syria Died 1076 A.H,the author in this book explained literary the poets of the famous two books of Arabic rhetorical-Muṭawwal wa al-Mukhtaṣar by Sa'd al-Din al-Taftazani 790 A. H. This is a critical work in Arabic rhetoric, reflecting the refined stylistic traditions of pre Islamic and classical Islamic peotry. This study examines the rhetorical styles employed in its preface, highlighting the intricate use of balāgha (eloquence) to frame the work’s intellectual and literary significance. Through an analysis of al-Maʿānī (eloquent meanings), ʿelm al-maʿānī, studying the role of syntax in literary style, It’s rules provide the foundation for the use of rhetorical embellishment this research demonstrates how the author crafts a persuasive and aesthetically rich introduction. The preface not only establishes the manuscript’s scholarly authority but also exemplifies the linguistic and stylistic conventions of classical Arabic prose. By situating these rhetorical elements within the broader tradition of Islamic literary and theological discourse, this study provides insights into the role of prefaces as both introductory frameworks and rhetorical showcases.
Arabic Poetry and Prose, Rhetorical styles, ʿUqūd al-Durar fī Sharḥ Abīyāt al-Muṭawwal wa al-Mukhtaṣar, Ḥusain ibn Shihāb al-Dīn,
مجالات عمل المرأة المسلمة في عصرنا الحاضر
The article sheds light on the various fields of work for women in society, starting with her fundamental role in the home, which is her natural place and its various aspects, to other fields outside the home. These include the social, educational, economic, commercial, political, and cultural fields, among others, all aimed at raising the standard of living for her family and society, while mentioning the Sharia guidelines for her work
القناعة وأثرها في حياة الصحابيات رضوان الله عليهن...... والطريق إليها
This discussion puts light on the importance of the quality of Contentment in the life of human beings. Examples and instances are presented from the life of the Holy Prophet,Hazrat Muhammad S.A.W, his wives and his companions.Further more, in this discussion I have also elaborated and argued extensively on the meaning of contentment. To support my arguments I have quoted from the Holy Quran as well as Hadith Sharif and proved that Islam pays greater significance and attention to the attributes of contentment. In conclusion, I have provided suggestions to adopt contentment for a happy, peaceful and a prosperous life in this material age.
الدروس والعبر المستفادة من سير الصحابيات رضوان الله عنهن والاستفادة منها في عصرنا الحاضر
This article sheds light on the biographies of noble female companions (Sahabiyyat) to draw lessons and impactful moral guidance that can influence and reform the behaviour of the modern woman, who has strayed from the teachings of true religion due to the intellectual invasion imposed on the Muslim society by forces hostile to Islam. The best path to establishing a righteous Muslim society lies in shaping a virtuous way, pure in character and conduct, who can raise a generation that leads in civilization, progress, and the restoration of what was taken from their lands.
النزعة الإنسانية في روايات الكاتب الكبير عبد الرحمن الشرقاوي
Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi presented moral values ​​and the importance of humanity in his novels, reflecting the circumstances of his time. In his novel, "The Land and the Peasant," he raised his voice against the work of the peasant class and their right to their wages. He also raised his voice against the authorities for not granting them their rights. The most important influential factor presented by Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi in his novels is his humanism. He presents moral values ​​regarding the importance and value of humanity in life throughout his novels, defending rights and truth, humanity, and the Egyptian character. Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi addressed most social topics and addressed people's concerns and problems. The importance of this topic, I have chosen topic about: "Humanism in the novels of the great writer Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi"
Humanism,novels ,great , Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi
مقاصد الشریعہ کا اصول فقہ میں مقام: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This analytical study explores the role and significance of Maqasid al-Shari‘ah (Objectives of Islamic Law) within the framework of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence). It investigates how the higher objectives of Shari‘ah—such as the preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth—serve as guiding principles in the process of legal reasoning and Ijtihad. The paper traces the historical development of Maqasid within Usul, from early jurists to the monumental contributions of Imam al-Ghazali and Imam al-Shatibi. Furthermore, it highlights the practical applications of Maqasid in sources like Qiyas, Maslahah Mursalah, and Sadd al-Dhara’i. The study also critically examines the relevance of Maqasid in addressing modern legal and ethical challenges, emphasizing the need for a balance between textual fidelity and purposive reasoning. It concludes that Maqasid al-Shari‘ah is not a marginal concept but a central and dynamic force in the evolution and renewal of Islamic jurisprudence.
Status of Maqasid al-Shariah , Usul al-Fiqh, Analytical Study
الفهم الصحيح في الدعوة الإسلامية: اعتدال النبي ﷺ وأصحابه أنموذجا
The research on "The Correct Understanding of Islamic Dawah: The Moderation of the Prophet ﷺ and His Companions as a Model" highlights the balanced and moderate approach that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his companions applied in spreading the message of Islam. The essence of the research is to emphasize the importance of moderation in Islamic dawah, avoiding extremes, and adopting a comprehensive approach to teaching and inviting people to Islam. Key points in the research include: Prophet Muhammad's Moderation: The Prophet ﷺ was a model of balance, emphasizing both the spiritual and practical aspects of Islam. His dawah was not forceful or rigid but was based on wisdom, patience, and understanding. Example of the Companions: The companions of the Prophet ﷺ followed his example by spreading Islam with wisdom and moderation, considering the needs of different people and contexts. Avoidance of Extremism: Both the Prophet ﷺ and his companions avoided any form of extremism, whether in belief or action, and ensured that the message of Islam remained accessible to all. Balanced Methodology: The research also underscores the balanced methodology of dawah—encouraging dialogue, understanding, and the use of gentle persuasion rather than coercion. In conclusion, the study advocates for the adoption of the Prophet ﷺ and his companions' approach as a model for contemporary Islamic dawah, emphasizing moderation, wisdom, and the avoidance of extremism in all aspects of inviting others to Islam.
The impact of Sufism on Islamic culture is profound, especially in areas like literature, poetry, and music. Sufism, with its mystical approach, deeply influenced the development of Arabic and Persian literature. Its emphasis on spiritual experience and divine love led to the creation of some of the most notable works in classical Islamic literature. For instance, poets like Ibn Arabi, Ibn al-Farid, and Abdul Ghani al-Nabulsi infused their verses with themes of divine unity, inner transformation, and the pursuit of closeness to God, which became central elements of Sufi poetry​ In terms of music, Sufism contributed significantly to the development of both the theory and practice of Islamic music. Sufis saw music, particularly mystical chants and instrumental music, as a way to purify the soul and elevate the spirit. The famous Sufi whirling dance (or dervish) and the use of instruments like the ney (flute) are just a few examples of how Sufis utilized music to transcend worldly concerns and experience divine presence​ Additionally, Sufism's influence extended to architectural practices. While initially rejecting figurative sculpture, Sufis contributed to the creation of grand, symbolic structures, such as the domes and tombs of saints, which served as spiritual centers. These structures, adorned with intricate designs, became places for contemplation and remembrance, merging spiritual significance with artistic expression​.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani's Concept of Imam Mahdi (A.S.) : A Research-Based, Critical, and Scholarly Analysis"
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani, among his numerous assertions, also made the significant claim of being the "Mahdi," although his primary assertion was prophethood. However, Qadianis refrain from openly acknowledging Mirza's prophethood in the presence of general Muslims and instead attempt to create the impression that their disagreement is solely over the issue of Imam Mahdi. They recognize Mirza as Imam Mahdi. Mirza himself made various claims to Mahdi-hood, as he stated: (a) "Indeed, I am the Promised Messiah and the Promised Mahdi." (b) "I swear by the God who sent me and upon whom attributing falsehood is the act of the accursed, that He has sent me as the Promised Messiah." Even if the Qadianis' claim is accepted, facts and events reveal that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani's personality and character are inconsistent with the expected attributes. This is because none of the signs and descriptions of Imam Mahdi mentioned in the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) align with the person of Mirza. In this article, first of all, the signs of the Mahdi mentioned in the hadiths - without entering into discussions on the authenticity of these hadiths - are compared with the claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Then, based on this comparison, an evaluation is made regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claim to be the Mahdi. In our article, we will not go into a theoretical discussion on the subject of Mahdi, such as the idea of ​​a savior in world religions, the possibility of the coming of the Mahdi, the lifespan of the Mahdi and its possibility, etc.
Mirza, prophethood, Imam Mahdi, various claims, Messiah
حالت جنگ میں انسانی حقوق سے متعلق السیر الکبیر اور جینوا کنونشن کا تحقیقی و تقابلی جائزہ
War is a tragic and painful situation that every intelligent person wants to avoid or prevent, but in practice it is impossible. As Muslims, we also believe that this life is a test, we can be an ideal and role model for those who want to avoid war in order to live their lives in the best way. The struggle between good and evil will always continue. However, efforts can be made until the end of war, but the presence of war cannot be ignored. In this regard, if a war breaks out and combatants are injured, need to be transferred to a peaceful place or are affected in any way by the war and are no longer part of the war, it is morally necessary to protect them and provide humanitarian assistance to the victims. It serves humanity as a neutral organization founded in 1860. The name of this organization is the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). After much work and deliberation, this organization has developed four treaties and two protocols that help countries at war remain neutral in war or other forms of violence۔ In contrast, about 800 years ago, Imam Muhammad bin Hasan Al-Shaybani wrote a long but comprehensive book on the state of peace and war, "Al-Sair- Al-Kabir", and took the credit for preserving these laws in the form of a book before his death. This article provides a detailed explanation of the fundamental principles and laws governing human rights in war, as outlined in both texts. Keywords: Al-Qur’an, Geneva Convention, Al-sair-ul-Kabir, state of war, Compassionate, Patients, Ceasefire, Combatants
Geneva Convention, Al-Sir-ul-Kabir, State of war, Compassionate patients, seafarers, Meaning of prisoners of war protection and security measures, who are Combatants?
جذورالشيوعية في دولة أفغانیة: دراسة تحليلية تاريخية
This study observes the historical and ideological influences that contributed to the emergence of communism in Afghanistan. The roots of communism in Afghanistan can be traced back to the early 20th century, when academic and political movements began to challenge traditional monarchical and Islamic institutions. The influence of Marxist-Leninist ideology, spread through educational organizations and literary circles, resonated with Afghan intellectuals seeking modernization and social change. The study concentrations on the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), founded in 1965, which played a crucial role in Afghanistan's communist movement. The PDPA's ideological divisions, internal power struggles, and eventual rise to power in 1978 are examined. This research provides insights into the complex historical context that shaped Afghanistan's communist movement, highlighting the interplay between internal and external factors. Understanding these roots is vital for avaricious the complications of Afghanistan's modern history, including the Soviet occupation, civil war, and ongoing political instability.
Dr Hakim: The modern era was blessed with the most prominent and iconoclast scholar Mirza Qaleech Baig in Sindhi literature.Sindi prose received great impetus by his countless efforts.He enriched Sindhi prose by writing original works of fiction and non fiction , adaption and translation.His services for Sindhi prose include numerous novels,dramas, history books, educational books, and dictionaries.He also contributed a lot in different genres of poetry.in this research paper an attempt has been made to analyze his services in Sindhi prose .
تعزیری سزاؤں میں معافی اور کمی بیشی کا شرعی جواز: مقاصدِ شریعت کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This research explores the Shari'ah-based justification for granting pardon, reduction, or suspension in discretionary (Ta‘zīr) punishments, in light of the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah). Ta‘zīr refers to punishments where judges or rulers are given flexible authority within defined boundaries. The study seeks to identify under what conditions leniency is permissible, and to what extent such leniency aligns with the higher objectives of Shari‘ah—namely the protection of life, intellect, wealth, religion, and progeny. It also critically examines the modern state's authority (e.g., presidential pardon) from an Islamic legal perspective. The findings suggest that while Islamic law does allow for mitigation or pardon in Ta‘zīr cases, such actions must adhere to the principles of justice, reform, and public interest. Unwarranted pardons, especially those driven by political motives, can undermine the very objectives of Shari‘ah and erode public trust in justice.
The Legitimacy of Pardon and Reduction in Punishments in Tazir: An Analytical Study of the Objectives of Shari'ah
جهود المستشرقين ضد الإسلام والمسلمين: إنكار الوحي أنموذجا
This study aims at the position of orientalists and negative efforts with the approach of tracking opinions, and the suspicions of orientalists and their efforts about the revelation of the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet. It shows the methods taken by orientalists to suspicious and questioning their source. Some orientalists have taken the similarity between the texts Holy Qur'an and the texts contained in other heavenly books means in the Torah and the Bible as evidence that the Holy Qur'an was taken by the Prophet (Allah peace be upon him) from these heavenly books, and not on the one hand Allah certainly. The Muslims scholars have responded to these suspicions, and explained the serious errors in them that are due to the fact that those in charge of these translations do not speak the Arabic language, although they are students and readers of it, but they have not been able to identify the secrets of the Arabic language, which is the language of the Holy Qur'an. This study also presents the responses of Islamic scholars and conclusion in the end of research.
Efforts , orientalists, Islam, Muslims, denying revelation
FROM AFGHAN JIHAD TO TALIBAN ALLIANCE: THE EVOLUTION AND DECLINE OF TEHREEK-E-NIFAZ-E-SHARIAT-E-MUHAMMADI
This paper examines the rise of the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) as a regional movement advocating for Islamic law in Pakistan’s Malakand Division, its evolution into a significant participant in the Afghan conflict, and its eventual decline. Founded in 1989, TNSM initially focused on implementing Sharia through political and militant means, drawing inspiration from Afghanistan’s jihad against Soviet forces. Its leaders, particularly Sufi Muhammad, sought to replicate the success of the Afghan Mujahideen in Pakistan. Following the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, TNSM shifted its focus to support the Taliban's resistance against US and NATO forces. The organization mobilized extensive local support, raising funds and recruiting thousands of fighters who were dispatched to Afghanistan. Despite these efforts, TNSM’s involvement in the conflict resulted in significant losses of its members and diminishing support in Malakand Division. The movement's influence waned further after the death of Sufi Muhammad in 2019, leading to its formal decline. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of TNSM’s rise and fall, its impact on regional dynamics, and its role in the post-9/11 Afghan conflict.
The Dismissal of NAP Government in Baluchistanin 1973: A Critical Perspective
The removal of NAP (National Awami Party) government in Baluchistan in February 1973 marked a significant milestone in Pakistan’s political arena. It highlighted the strained relations between the central government and Baluchistan, particularly the conflict between Prime Minster Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the then NAP leadership. Key causes of the dismissal included, the London Plan allegation, the Coast Guard operation, tribal conflicts and the alleged discovery of Iraqi arms cache. The after math saw violent reactions from Baluch nationalists leading to the formation of Baluch people’s Liberation Front and heightened political tensions across Pakistan. The dismissal also strained Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan. Overall, this event had far reaching consequences for Pakistan’s political stability and regional diplomacy.